Fisher’s Exact Test for Small Sample Sizes
A practical guide to Fisher
Family-Wise Error Rate vs. False Discovery Rate
A practical guide to family-wise error rate (FWER) versus false discovery rate (FDR), including definitions, multiple testing, Bonferroni, Holm, Benjamini-Hochberg, clinical trial applications, worked examples, and R implementation.
False Discovery Rate (FDR) Control
A practical guide to False Discovery Rate control, including the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure, ordered p-values, rejection thresholds, adjusted p-values, worked examples, R implementation, assumptions, and applications to clinical trials and high-dimensional analyses.
Effect Size Measures in Clinical Research
A practical guide to effect size measures in clinical research, including risk difference, relative risk, odds ratio, hazard ratio, mean differences, standardized mean differences, number needed to treat, and interpretation in clinical trials.
Descriptive Statistics for Clinical Trial Data
A practical guide to descriptive statistics for clinical trial data, including means, medians, standard deviations, quartiles, confidence intervals, categorical summaries, baseline characteristics, laboratory data, adverse events, missing data, outliers, and clinical trial reporting in SAS and R.
Defining Intercurrent Events in Clinical Trials
A practical guide to defining intercurrent events in clinical trials, including treatment discontinuation, rescue medication, death, treatment switching, estimands, ICE strategies, hypothetical strategies, treatment policy, composite strategies, while-on-treatment strategies, and principal stratum strategies.
Cure Models for Long-Term Survivors
A practical guide to cure models for long-term survivors, including mixture cure models, cure fractions, latency distributions, likelihood-based estimation, interpretation, diagnostics, and R implementation.
Cox Regression with Stratified Baseline Hazards
A practical guide to stratified Cox proportional hazards regression, including stratum-specific baseline hazards, the stratified partial likelihood, interpretation, SAS and R implementation, proportional-hazards diagnostics, and a worked clinical-trial example.
Covariance Structure Selection in Longitudinal Models
A practical guide to covariance structure selection in longitudinal mixed models, including compound symmetry, AR(1), heterogeneous covariance structures, unstructured covariance, Toeplitz models, AIC, BIC, REML, ML, convergence, and worked R and SAS examples.
Correlation vs. Causation in Clinical Research
A practical guide to correlation vs. causation in clinical research, including confounding, selection bias, reverse causation, randomized trials, causal diagrams, observational studies, regression adjustment, mediation, and practical examples.