Turnover of Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers
A practical introduction to turnover models for pharmacodynamic biomarkers, including production and loss rates, baseline turnover, indirect drug effects, biomarkers with delayed responses, and PK/PD interpretation.
Turnover Models in Pharmacodynamics
Learn how turnover models describe pharmacodynamic responses driven by production and loss of a biological system, including baseline turnover, drug effects on production or loss, indirect-response models, and hysteresis.
Tumor Growth and Tumor Response Models
An introduction to tumor growth and tumor response models, including exponential, logistic, Gompertz, treatment-effect, resistance, and PK/PD-linked models used in oncology pharmacometrics.
Tolerance and Tachyphylaxis Models
Learn how tolerance and tachyphylaxis can be modeled in pharmacodynamics, including Emax models with time-varying potency or maximum effect, indirect-response approaches, turnover models, hysteresis, and mechanism-based interpretations.
Tolerance and Adaptation in PD Models
Learn how tolerance and adaptation are represented in pharmacodynamic models, including indirect response, receptor adaptation, turnover, desensitization, hysteresis, and time-dependent changes in drug effect.
Time-Dependent Pharmacodynamic Effects
Learn how pharmacodynamic effects can depend on time as well as concentration, including hysteresis, delayed effects, tolerance, turnover, indirect-response models, and time-varying exposure-response relationships.
Target Engagement Models
Learn how target engagement models describe the relationship between drug concentration, target binding, receptor occupancy, and pharmacodynamic response in PK/PD and pharmacometric modeling.
Receptor-Mediated Target Effects
Learn how receptor-mediated target effects connect drug concentration to receptor binding, target engagement, pharmacodynamic response, Emax models, and mechanistic PK/PD modeling.
Receptor-Mediated Drug Disposition
Learn how receptor binding can influence drug disposition, including target-mediated drug disposition, nonlinear pharmacokinetics, receptor-mediated uptake, internalization, and mechanistic PK models.
Receptor Occupancy Models
Learn how receptor occupancy models connect drug concentration to target binding, including the binding equation, affinity, Kd, Emax relationships, examples, assumptions, and applications in PK/PD modeling.